Cell Signaling Pathways: How Cells Communicate and Respond to Molecular Signals
Cell signaling pathways are molecular communication networks that allow cells to detect signals, transmit information, and coordinate biological responses. These pathways involve receptors, signaling proteins, second messengers, and regulatory enzymes that convert chemical or physical stimuli into cellular activity. Through signal transduction, cells regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, differentiation, immune communication, and gene expression. […]